International Journal of Social Health

Analysis of Risk Factors for Comorbidities in Tuberculosis Patients and Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis at Gunung Jati Regional Hospital

Hany Fauziyyah, Mohamad Erwin Indrakusuma, Emallia Fitriani — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is complicated by drug resistance (especially MDR-TB) and comorbidities like diabetes, HIV, hypertension, kidney disease, cancer, lung diseases, psychiatric conditions, and malnutrition, all of which worsen outcomes and increase resistance risk. The purpose of the research was to find out and analyze the risk factors for tuberculosis patient comorbidities and the resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the Gunung Jati Regional Hospital. The observational research method was analyzed with a crosssectional approach with univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (fisher's exact test) and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test with the backward method using medical record data of tuberculosis patients from January-November 2024 at the Gunung Jati Regional Hospital. The results of the comorbid results showed that the most tuberculosis patients were malnourished 75 (32.9%). The results of the characteristics of the most types of resistance were two drug combinations, namely INH and RIF Resistant, as many as 33 (14.5%). The results of fisher's exact test showed a significant relationship between DM and (p-value<0.001;OR= 4.42, 95% CI= 1.95-9.98) HIV (p-value=0.0.00;OR=4.19, 95% CI=1.67-10.5), kidney disease (p-value= <0.001;OR=4.81, 95% CI= 2.21-10.4), other lung diseases (p-value=0.015;OR= 2.52, 95% CI= 1.17-5.44), chronic hepatitis (p-value=0.005;OR= 2.86, 95% CI= 1.33-6.13), psychiatric conditions (p-value 0.004;OR=2.94, 95% CI= 1.37-6.32) and malnutrition (p-value=<0.001;OR= 5.35, 95% CI= 2.43-11.8) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance. Conclusions: There is a significant association between DM, HIV, kidney disease, other lung diseases, chronic hepatitis, psychiatric conditions and malnutrition with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance patterns

The Relationship Between the Level of Knowledge and Community Behavior Towards the Incident of Hypertension in Sumberngepoh Village, Lawang District, Malang Regency

Dwi Aprilawati, Adikara Pagan — Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Lifestyle is one of the primary factors contributing to hypertension. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide are affected by this condition, with the majority residing in developing countries. A preliminary survey conducted in Sumberngepoh Village, Lawang District, Malang Regency revealed that 17 out of 24 respondents were unaware of their hypertension status and had never had their blood pressure measured. Additionally, 5 respondents were identified as having uncontrolled hypertension, attributed to irregular blood pressure monitoring and non-compliance with antihypertensive medication. Given these findings, this study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge level and community behavior toward hypertension incidence in Sumberngepoh Village, with the goal of raising public awareness about the serious complications associated with this disease. The study employed a cross-sectional design, conducted from October 26 to 31, 2025. Knowledge was assessed using the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS), while a structured questionnaire was used to evaluate community behavior regarding hypertension prevention. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed no significant relationship between knowledge level and hypertension incidence, with a p-value of 0.271 (p > 0.05). However, a significant relationship was found between behavioral level and hypertension incidence, with a p-value of 0.024 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis indicated no significant association between knowledge level and hypertension prevention behavior, yielding a p-value of 0.392 (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that behavior plays a more influential role than knowledge alone in determining hypertension outcomes within this community.

Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ni Luh Dina Resmi Setiari, Anak Agung Sagung Putra Dewi — Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 1% of adults worldwide. However, studies of Ixekizumab have shown mixed results. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Ixekizumab in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Primary outcomes included PASI 75, PASI 90, PASI 100, and treatment-related adverse events. Secondary outcomes included sPGA (0/1), sPGA (0), DLQI (0/1), DLQI (0), NAPSI, and NRS itch score (?4). Proportions were used to convey the incidence of primary and secondary outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.4.2. This meta-analysis included 9 RCTs, with a low risk of bias in all studies. Analysis of PASI outcomes 75% shows the proportion of events of 81.1% (95% CI: 72.78%-87.32%; I2 = 85.5%). PASI 90% shows the proportion of events of 65.72% (95% CI: 49.87%- 78.70%; I2 = 95.4%) and PASI 100% of 38.98% (95% CI: 31.81%-46.65%; I² = 93.3%). Side effects caused by the intervention were 66.07% (95% CI: 58.23%–73.12%; I² = 88.9%). sPGA score ?1, DLQI ?1, NAPSI, NRS with a proportion of 71.15% (95% CI: 61.12%–79.47%), 59.68% (95% CI: 39.84%–76.79%), 28.44% (95% CI: 15.80%–45.71%), 47.91% (95% CI: 33.77%–62.40%). Ixekizumab demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, with adverse events occurring in more than half of participants consistently reported across studies.